Potential Difference Across A Resistor

The dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I)?

Experiment No. 04

Aim

To written report the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the electric current (I) passing through it and determine its resistance. Likewise, plot a graph between V and I

Theory

What is Ohm's law?

In an electric circuit, the potential departure V across the metallic wire is straight proportional to the current flowing through the circuit with a constant temperature. This is known as Ohm's constabulary.

V∝I. ∴ Five=IR.

What are the factors affecting resistance?

Following are the factors affecting resistance:

The nature of the resistor.
With an increase in length, the resistance also increases. And so length also affects the resistance.
With an increase in the cross-exclusive area, the resistance decreases. So cross-sectional area of the wire affects the resistance.

Materials Required

Following is the list of materials required for this experiment:

A battery
An insulated copper wire
A cardinal
An ammeter
A voltmeter
A rheostat
A resistor
A piece of sandpaper

Circuit Diagram

The dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I) — The dependence of potential deviation (V) beyond a resistor on the current (I)

Procedure

Adjust the devices as shown in the circuit diagram.
Connect the devices with the connecting wires keeping the fundamental open.
The positive concluding of the bombardment should exist connected to the positive terminal of the ammeter.
Before connecting the voltmeter in the circuit, cheque for +ve and -ve terminals.
Check for ammeter and voltmeter reading once the circuit is connected and also adjust the slider of rheostat after inserting the key.
For current I and voltmeter V, tape three different readings using a slider.
Record the observations in the ascertainment table.
Using the formula R=V/I, calculate the resistance.
To plot the graph between V and I, have V on the ten-axis and I on the y-centrality.
For pure metals, resistance increases with an increase in temperature.

Observation Tabular array

i) Least count of ammeter and voltmeter

S.No.		Ammeter (A)	Voltmeter (V)
1	Range	0-0.5 A	0-0.1 V
2	Least count	0.01 A	0.01 V
iii	Goose egg error (e)	0	0
iv	Zero correction	0	0

ii) For the reading of ammeter and voltmeter

S. No	Current in Ampere (I) (ammeter reading)	Potential difference in volts (V) (voltmeter reading)	Resistance in ohms R = V/I (Ω)
	Observed	Corrected	Observed
1	0	0.02	0	0.04	R₁= 2Ω
2	0	0.03	0	0.06	R₂= 2Ω
3	0	0.04	0	0.08	R_iii= 2Ω

Graph

Conclusions

For all the three readings, the R-value is the aforementioned and abiding.
The ratio of potential difference V and current I is the resistance of a resistor.
With the assistance of the graph betwixt V and I, Ohm'southward law is verified as the plot is a straight line.

Precautions

Thick copper wires are used as connecting wires and using sandpaper, their insulation is removed.
To avoid external resistance, the connections should exist tight.
The connections should be equally per the circuit diagram and should exist approved past the teacher before conducting the experiment.
The current should enter from the positive last and leave from the negative terminal of the ammeter and should be continued in series with the resistor.
Resistor and voltmeter should be connected in parallel.
The to the lowest degree count of ammeter and voltmeter should be recorded properly.

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The dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I)?